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北京翻譯公司經常會遇到口譯翻譯，那么大家在選擇口譯翻譯人員時，是如何判斷口譯翻譯人員的優劣的呢?判斷口譯翻譯的標準又是什么?
Interpreters are often encountered in Beijing translation companies. How do people judge the quality of interpreters when they choose interpreters? What are the criteria for judging interpreters?
自從嚴復提出了“信”、“達”、“雅”翻譯三標準之后，翻譯界盡管對“信、達、雅”的解釋各有不同，但是大部分學者對這些標準所持的態度是肯定的。
Since Yan Fu put forward the three translation criteria of "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance", although the interpretations of "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance" vary, most of the scholars hold a positive attitude towards these criteria.
翻譯能做到“信、達、雅”固然不錯，問題在于翻譯不是照相業的復制行當，難以做到“信、達、雅”三全?；诓煌幕母髯逭Z言在翻譯過程中難保原汁原味原形原貌，因而“信、達、雅”只能是相對的。
The problem is that translation is not a copying business in the photographic industry, and it is difficult to achieve the "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance". It is difficult for languages of different cultures to preserve their original form in the process of translation, so "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" can only be relative.
有時“信”雖然達標，而“達”和“雅”卻有所不達，有所不雅。于是便出現了“信、達、雅”三標準之主從關系的爭論。時至今日，爭論仍在延續，焦點無非集中在翻譯究竟應以“直譯”還是“意譯”為本的問題上。
Sometimes "letter" is up to standard, but "Da" and "elegance" are not satisfactory. Thus, the debate on the relationship between the principal and subordinate of the three criterion of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" emerged. Nowadays, the controversy is still going on, and the focus is no more on whether translation should be based on literal translation or free translation.
其實，“信”、“達”、“雅”作為衡量筆譯作品質量之優劣的三條標準，是一個互為依存、缺一不可的整體，片面強調“直譯”或“意譯”的孰主孰輔是無意義的。一篇上乘的譯文從內容到形式都應忠實反映原文的內容和形式，都應被譯文的讀者所感知和理解。
As a matter of fact, "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance" are three criteria to judge the quality of translated works. They are interdependent and indispensable. It is meaningless to unilaterally emphasize "literal translation" or "free translation". A good translation should faithfully reflect the content and form of the original text from content to form, and should be perceived and understood by the readers of the translation.
譯文的內容、精神和風格不可顧此失彼，應該基本做到“信”、“達”、“雅”。任何刻意的直譯或意譯行為，單方面地求“信”、“達”、“雅”中的某條標準，嚴格說來都不是真正意義上的翻譯，而是“改譯”或“編譯”。
The content, spirit and style of the translation should not be neglected, but should be basically "faithful", "expressive" and "elegant". Any deliberate act of literal translation or free translation, which unilaterally seeks a certain standard in "faithfulness", "expressiveness" and "elegance", is strictly not a translation in the true sense, but a "translation" or "translation".
至于口譯的標準，套用筆譯的“信、達、雅”三原則是恰當的?？谧g不同于筆譯，口譯的“現時”、“現場”、“限時”的特點決定了口譯的標準有別于筆譯的標準。衡量口譯質量的基本標準應該是“準確”和“流利”。
As for the standard of interpretation, the three principles of "faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance" are appropriate. Interpretation is different from translation. The characteristics of "present", "on-the-spot" and "time-limited" determine that the standards of interpretation are different from those of translation. The basic criteria for interpreting quality should be "accuracy" and "fluency".
首先，口譯必須“準確”。不準確的口譯可能是“胡譯”，可能是“篡譯”，也可能是“誤譯”，是不能容忍的。準確是口譯的靈魂，是口譯的生命線。準確要求譯員將原語這一方的信息完整無誤地傳達給目標語的那一方。
First of all, interpretation must be "accurate". It is not tolerated that inaccurate interpretation may be "Hu" or "usurp" or "misinterpretation". Accuracy is the soul of interpretation and the lifeline of interpretation. It is exactly required that the interpreter convey the information of the original language to the target language completely and unmistakably.
具體說來，口譯的準確涉及口譯時的主題準確、精神準確、論點準確、風格準確、詞語準確、數字準確、表達準確、語速準確以及口吻準確等方面。歸根結底，準確的譯語應該同時保持原語的意義和風格。準確的口譯不僅是雙語成功交際的保障，而且也是譯員職業道德和專業水平的集中體現。
Specifically speaking, the accuracy of interpretation involves the accuracy of the subject, spirit, argument, style, words, figures, expression, speed and tone. In the final analysis, accurate translation should keep the meaning and style of the original language at the same time. Accurate interpretation is not only the guarantee of successful bilingual communication, but also the embodiment of professional ethics and professional level of interpreters.
準確的口譯不僅體現了譯員對交際活動的尊重和負責，而且也體現了譯員對交際雙方的尊重和負責。必須指出，我們所講的準確性并非是那種機械刻板的“模壓式”口譯或“蓋章式”口譯。例如，對原語者明顯的口吃，不可妄加模仿。如法炮制說話人的語疾不是忠實翻譯，而是人身侮辱。對交際一方過快或過慢的語速、明顯的口誤或濃重的口音，譯員也不可模壓炮制，鸚鵡學舌般地如數傳遞給另一方。
Accurate interpretation not only reflects the interpreter's respect and responsibility for communicative activities, but also reflects the interpreter's respect and responsibility for both parties. It must be pointed out that the accuracy we are talking about is not the mechanical stereotype of "stamping" interpretation or "stamping" interpretation. For example, the stuttering of a native speaker must not be imitated. It is not a faithful translation, but a personal insult. The interpreter should not mold the speaker's accent, which is too fast or too slow for one party to communicate with, and the interpreter should not pass it on to the other side in a parrot-like manner.
“流利”是譯員必須遵循的另一大標準。譯員在確保“準確”口譯的前提下，應該迅速流暢地將一方的信息傳譯給另一方。如果說“準確”也是筆譯的基本要求，那么“流利”則充分體現了口譯的特點?？谧g的現場性、現時性、即席性、限時性、交互性等因素要求口譯過程宜短不宜長，節奏宜緊不宜松?？谧g是交際工具，工具的價值在于效用和效率。
"Fluency" is another standard that an interpreter must follow. On the premise of ensuring "accurate" interpretation, the interpreter should quickly and smoothly interpret one party's information to the other. If "accuracy" is also the basic requirement of translation, then "fluency" fully reflects the characteristics of interpretation. The factors of interpreting, such as on-the-spot, present, impromptu, time-limited and interactive, require that the process of interpreting should be short or not long, and the rhythm should be tight or not loose. Interpretation is a tool for communication. The value of tools lies in utility and efficiency.
工具首先得有效用，否則就不成其為工具，但有效用而無效率(或低效率)的工具決不是好工具。那么，如何來衡量口譯的流利程度呢?口譯的流利程度包括譯員對原語信息的感知速度和解析速度，及其用目標語進行編碼和表達的速度。
Tools must be effective first, otherwise they will not be tools, but effective and inefficient (or inefficient) tools are never good tools. Then, how to measure the fluency of interpretation? The fluency of interpretation includes the speed of the interpreter's perception and analysis of the source language information, and the speed of encoding and expressing the target language.
通常，口譯時譯員對母語信息的感知速度和解析速度快于對外語信息的感知速度和解析速度，同時用母語編碼和表達的速度也快于用外語編碼和表達的速度。
Generally speaking, interpreters perceive and analyze mother tongue information faster than they perceive and analyze foreign language information. At the same time, the speed of encoding and expressing in mother tongue is faster than that of encoding and expressing in foreign language.
在口譯場合，譯員對信息的感知和解析受到“現時”“限刻”的制約，無法“自由自在”地調節速度，所以必須同步加工。而在編碼和表達階段，由于譯員可以自我控制速度，所以目標語為母語的口譯所需要的時間相對少于目標語為外語的口譯所需要的時間。
In interpreting situations, the interpreter's perception and analysis of information are restricted by the "present" and "limitation" and can not "freely" adjust the speed, so it must be processed synchronously. In the encoding and expression stage, because the interpreter can control his own speed, the time required for the target language to interpret is relatively less than the time required for the target language to interpret for a foreign language.
當然，口譯的類型、內容、場合、對象、風格等因素都會對口譯的速度產生影響，用同一把尺子來衡量不同類別的口譯是不合理的。一般說來，我們可以依據譯員所用的口譯時間是否同發言者的講話時間大體相等來衡量口譯是否屬于流利。以兩倍于原語發言者的講話時間進行口譯者顯然不能被視為流利。
Of course, the type, content, occasion, object and style of interpretation will affect the speed of interpretation. It is unreasonable to use the same ruler to measure different types of interpretation. Generally speaking, we can judge whether an interpreter is fluent according to whether he or she spends the same time as the speaker. Interpreters who are two times the speech time of the speakers of the original language can not be regarded as fluently.
以上介紹的就是北京翻譯公司對口譯
The above is the interpretation of Beijing translation company.
